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How to Peg Meg?

Recently, I enjoyed some time at Meg Whitman's home, where she was introduced by Mitt Romney and other members of her team.  I heard her stump speech and her answer to a handful of questions.  I was also able to spend a few minutes with her, her husband, Griff, and some of her team members.

Meg comes across as very genuine -- perhaps a reflection of her minimal time in politics and an absence of the kinds of unfair attacks that produce facades. That genuineness will serve her well, and she would do well to safeguard it and look to develop strong defenders.

On the performance, her stump speech starts slow, and I wouldn't say it had many emotional high points (more on that later).  Where she excels in on questions and answers.  It seems apparent she has thought deeply about the problems facing California and is intent on solving them in the same manner her Bain-trained analytical mind might approach a challenged company.  Of course, the political landscape is strewn with people who have attempted to apply business thinking to government and failed.  Leaving that question and answer session, however, one has nothing but confidence that she will be successful in her objectives, as she succeeded after taking the helm of the eBay internet juggernaut.

What might lead Meg to succeed where others have failed ?  First, she certainly understands marketing and the ability to persuade (not just command).  Many business people have failed because they were not in the persuasion business, but the on time, in place business. In government, persuasion is about the only tool you have, so you better have well-honed marketing capabilities.  Second, we are at a time when the most important problems facing the state are business-like problems around our finances and the delivery of fewer services on even fewer dollars.  Third, she appears to be a good team builder, and it is a testament to her skills that so many current and former eBay management members appeared at the event.  Finally, she has rightly focused and limited her objectives to jobs, reducing spending and education.  She has smartly targeted her appeal with those priorities to specific swing (and non-traditional Republican)  voting blocks.

So, for my ideals of leadership (the four Ps), Meg scores pretty well:  Personnel, check.  Priorities, check.  Policies, check.

The only remaining question is principles (the first or fourth P, as it would be).  She certainly has business / management principles (that would be the Bain Way), but it would be a tremendous advantage for her (and us) for her to communicate her personal principles. Put in Hollywood vernacular, what is the the Meg Whitman character's motivation?  What are the core ideas that would animate her to take on such a challenging and thankless job (ask Arnie on that one).  I suspects she loves her country deeply -- from her reticent New England roots to her California dynamism and optimism ...  but I don't have much to go on there.

If she answers that question clearly and sincerely and in the same genuine manner as the balance of her presentation, she will improve her stump speech and be a tough candidate to beat.  All the micro-demographic targeting in the world cannot make up for the answer to that one simple question:  why are you doing this?

And if she wins, I trust she'll read F. Hayek and J.C. Scott, if she has not already.


 








Hail Mary!


Well here is my Hail Mary! pass into the SEC leadership (with copies to Congress and others) on financial reform.


Will someone listen?

WH Financial Reform - Prescription without Diagnosis is Malpractice

Well, here they go again, as RWR would say. 

The White House proposes the most extensive changes to our financial regulatory structure in 75 years under the guise of addressing the "root causes" of last year's financial crisis, yet puts out a report that fails to mention any politically inconvenient facts surrounding that crisis, and spends only 1 paragraph of the 85 page report on the actual root cause.  Like most of Geithner's other efforts -- TARP 1.5, AIG, PPIP -- it makes up in political hubris what it lacks in seriousness.

In lieu of the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, we get pablum about "supervision" and "regulation" and "consumer protection", along with a core set of proposals that only Washington could love:  new layers of bureaucracy (to solve turf disputes and tackle illusory problems), convoluted behavioral rules in the form of ethical codes, a brand spanking new agency with an amorphous "feel good" paternalistic mandate, and the centralizion of power in the two least accountable and transparent institutions (Treasury and the Fed).  Moreover, it is stunningly ignorant of market dynamics and places more power and more faith in regulators that have failed in the past with their existing tools.  Fool me once, shame on you ... 

Why are Fannie and Freddie relegated to a single paragraph placeholder, though they represented 75% of the residential mortgage market at the root to crisis?  Why no word about the systematic purchase by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac of synthetic subprime / Alt-A synthetic mortgage securities to promote the mantra of "affordable housing" and the active encouragement of shaky insurance to support these securities?  Hmmm?  Perhaps that is because WH Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel sat on the board of Freddie Mac and another WH advisor Holbrooke on AIG (key culprits in this mess), which pumped up the sub-prime businesses of the Sandlers (Golden West) and Pritzkers (Superior), two major WH donors? 

One of the opening premises of the report is that financial institutions were "too reliant" on bond ratings.  Yes, but whose fault was that?  What the report does not say is these bond ratings were issued by three SEC-sanctioned oligopolists, and that our entire current regulatory infrastructure is built upon mandatory recognition of these ratings for purposes of calculating regulatory capital levels.  Yes, mandatory regulatory tie do tend to make you reliant.  And why were there so many ($2T) of these mislabeled securities?  Perhaps a government-sponsored secondary market and assumption of the full faith and credit of the US behind wobbly paper?  Pretty obvious systemic flaw wouldn't you say?  Yet absolutley no mention of this in the report.  Was this because CEO (Franklin Raines), a friend of the WH, playing with another big WH donor, Goldman Sachs, got caught cooking the books to make his $100M+ payday on the taxpayer nickle?  

Well the report doesn't mention any of this because that would mean viewing the crisis as largely a function of a government program gone awry versus the more convenient pro-big government meme:  those darn capitalists at it again.

The other farcical "root cause" is the "pervasive failures in consumer protection" -- as if people were buying $300,000 homes in the same manner that they bought mislabeled, two week old eggs, and should just be given homeownership with no expectation of due diligence.  Yes, people got in to bad loans, took out more than they could safely afford, and bought in at the height of a real estate bubble assuming that prices would continue to rise.  But what of the 90%+ who are still paying their mortgages on time?   What protection do we get?   And how much of the problem was really caused by inappropriate loans that banks and AGs have not already restructured?  Perhaps these were loans that could not have been paid under any circumstances and people were caught in a government policy-driven real estate bubble for which no amount of "consumer protection" would have provided immunity. 

But there is nothing Washington likes better than tackling illusory problems, because by definition there is no accountability. 

Fortunately, even a broken clock is right twice a day, so perhaps there will be some good that comes out of some of the proposed changes.  If that is that is the case, we can rest assured that those salutary elements were inadvertent.  More to come as I look for silver linings.


Campbell Conundrum


Tom Campbell gave this tutorial in a recent campaign appearance in Oakland, California.   For the few political junkies actually paying attention at this early date, Campbell, a former US Congressman and Dean of the Cal Haas Business School, is running for Governor of California.  Tom Campbell is stunningly competent on matters of economic theory (PhD with Milton Friedman), and he's put this in to successful practice within government service at almost every level.  He also has legal knowledge of the highest caliber.  For my tastes, he might hit the books on reputation theory, behavioralism, and a few other newer topics, but his foundation on the basics of monetary policy and his rejection of the cynical fallacy and false hope of applied Keynesianism and academic marxism is irrefutable.

His sensible politics aside, Tom Campbell has a resume that could land him at the helm of any university in America.  This makes Tom Campbell a very valuable asset to the Republican Party, which at its apex held a small but devoted coterie of academic luminaries, a significant band of silent fellow travelers, and a solid majority of those that passed through institutions of higher learning. Today, with Joe the Plumber more articulate on economic matters than its 2008 Presidential standard bearer, the party's academic credentials need serious burnishing.  Outside the party, potential allies range from the sensible sophisticates (Marginal Revolution, Reason, Cato, Heritage, AEI, etc.) to the strident blunt instruments (Rush, Hannity, etc.), whose capacity to persuade those other than the foregone is limited.

Given the growth in government financing of higher education, and the unsurprising drift toward statist ideology and conformism, it is unlikely that the Republican Party will ever be the belle of the non-hard science academic ball.   Still, the party ignores academia at its perils, and it needs to do everything it can to elevate and embrace sensible academics to positions of prominence.  Ronald Reagan went to a modest college, but he had WF Buckley and Milton Friedman to help light his way.

The conundrum remains:  can Tom Campbell reach out to a broad enough audience with his ideas to make a difference?   Jack Kemp he is not.  I have these words of advice.  Plato and Aristotle had little good to say about the rhetorical slight of hand employed by the sophists, however, their teacher Socrates admitted the Sophists were better teachers than he on linguistic weapons.   Clinical truth and elucidiation is fine for monks, but charts and graphs didn't get Ross Perot very far, and a mastery of emotion and the dark arts of language is required to persuade the assembly.  He may not be a star football player or an action hero, but Tom Campbell might aspire to Harry Potter.

Geithner 2.0: Don't Worry, I slept at a Holiday Inn

Geithner's latest on bank compensation continues a long line of fallacious thinking when it comes to effective regulation of the financial markets.  Realizing that talent will flee TARP because of compensation rules, they are considering using the financial crisis as an excuse to regulate compensation at non-TARP banks, as well.

As readers of this blog are aware, the entrance and subsequent exit from the secondary market for subprime synthetics by the government sponsored entities (Fannie and Freddie) and the abject failure of the government franchisee NRSROs to accurately rate residential mortgage securities was a primary contributor to the Freeze of '07 (and Crash of '08). 

The shadow credit quality market that developed in credit default swaps certainly had transparency and manipulation issues, however ultimately these instruments reflected asset changes and weren't assets themselves.

No market can remain effective when you stick $2T of fraudulently labeled securities in it, and this fraud was unsurprisingly facilitated in large part by government-sponsored actors.    Meanwhile, the job the government should have been doing -- the cop on the beat to keep markets transparent and honest -- was not being done.   Martha Stewart was just too big a risk to pay attention to that petty stuff like trillion dollar mortgage synthetics fraud.

So now we have a wave of promised regulations not dissimilar to Sarbanes Oxley and the Spitzer Rules that are informed by little more than the pablum of weekly talk shows and the musings of people profoundly ignorant of financial markets and what they need  in order to work effectively.  

Coming from a decade + of experience, I have fairly extensive thoughts on the best way to compensate people at investment banking firms.  Certainly, you should not compensate people for underwriting fraudulent securities, and bonus clawbacks should be considered by the firms and their shareholders -- BUT NOT by the government.

Also, if all the grand schemes and dreams of the new Spendocracy depend on confiscating wealth from people who the free market pays more $250K to, then the Spendocrats better make sure they have some people who can make that money to tax.

Confusion Profusion - Mr. Posner meet The Rapala


Richard Posner has had a long and distinguished career.  After his confusing and disjointed article in today's Wall Street Journal, I recommend that he spend more time on his fishing and less time on writing.

Capitalism is about (a) the sanctity of private contracts and (b) safeguarding by private and public means honest, transparent, and liquid markets for those contracts, and (c) the hypothesis that such markets will generally do a pretty darn good job at price discovery.

Another observation of most capitalists is that the government makes a pretty bad counter-party.  Why?  Because of the doctrine of sovereign immunity, government actors have a pretty big incentive to lie when they can.   Tough to have an honest, transparent market when the rules don't apply to one of the actors.  Second, government regulators, however well intentioned, operate under a landslide of well-documented cognitive fallacies.

So, what about the Crisis of '08 represented a "Failure of Capitalism?"   The $2T of falsely (arguably fraudulently) labeled securities (contracts) at the heart of crisis were labelled by 3 government monopoly licensees.   Over half the market of these fraudulently labeled securities was made by hyper-levered government sponsored entities (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac).  Arguably, the insurance products that backed these synthetic securities were the product of capitalist, albeit highly regulated, enterprises.   But without the implied government guarantees, would these contracts have been written?

If capitalists made one incorrect assumption in this process, it was that the government would be a reliable counter-party.  But when the GSEs abruptly pulled out of the sub-prime synthetics markets after the accounting scandals of 2004-2005, this proved to be false hope.  The resulting collapse in the secondary market and frozen liquidity situation precipitated the crisis we know all too well now.

But this was a failure of cronyism, not capitalism.  Perhaps some time with this will reorient you.






NVCA Report - Whither Public Equities?

DISCLOSURE:  I have worked within the past 18 months with David Weild, former Vice Chairman of Nasdaq, and others who have contributed to the recent NVCA "4 Pillars" report.  I am also a managing director at a publicly-traded investment banking firm.  The views expressed here are strictly my own and do not necessarily reflect those of my employer.


Harold Bradley tackles the NVCA "4-Pillars" report head on and, unfortunately, provides conclusions that bury the NVCA's message along with its messenger.  

Bradley is right to distinguish between entrepreneurs and the venture industry that serves them, but excoriating the venture industry doesn't help entrepreneurs have more financial options.  Bradley is also correct to raise a red flag at the prospect of more distorting "public/private" partnerships, and he is also accurate in pointing out that the "way things used to be" included a clubby network of public market dealers who pushed Pets.com as heartily as AOL and Intel (when both were $100M market cap stocks).

Yet, these observations do not change the fact that a $500M threshold for public offerings and an anemic marketplace for public shares of companies under a $1B market cap is a needless constraint to our economic system.   Forget the NVCA for a moment.  Even a company as successful as GoDaddy, which is entirely self-funded and has profits nearing triple digit millions, would be hard pressed to offer shares to the public in the current environment.  If Bob Parsons were able to gain liquidity through an IPO at an attractive valuation (not the 6x EBITDA or .25 PEG that a private player would offer but a real valuation reflecting growth and discounted future cash flow), those funds would be recycled back into the investment world to spawn a whole new generation of innovative technologies.   Instead, that significant wealth just sits unproductively on the sidelines, and future entrepreneurs, particularly in capital intensive businesses, sit at home idle and without resources to create jobs.  You may be able to start an affiliate marketing company in your basement, with a PC, but many opportunities take significant risk capital.

There is good evidence that a well-functioning public equity capital market will provide higher valuations (given the lack of liquidity discount) and generally create a win/win situation for the economy.   The real questions are:  what went wrong with the US equity markets?  Why do they remain dysfunctional?  And what will fix them?  That, is a subject for a future post, but suffice it to say that effective markets are much more fragile than investors, companies and regulators realize, and it would be a mistake to assume, as many new age economists seem to, that only traders operate under cognitive fallacies.

As an asset class, venture capital (and private equity) may well have some challenging  and opaque characteristics, but it operates in a private capital market relatively free of artificial constraints, governed by detailed contracts, and populated with sophisticated investors.   And while the rest of equity world is effectively closed for business, VCs are still writing checks, even while their limiteds demand greater transparency and accountability.  The Quadrangle case suggests a certain portion of the funds flow might be corrupted, however, the vast majority of players -- wealthy families, universities, pension plans -- have invested for decades in the market and have enjoyed decent returns.  Perhaps there is a mismatch today between funds available and the natural cycle of innovation, and that will undoubtedly dampen returns, but this situation is correcting itself by the day.



  

Do you want our Country (and Obama) to Succeed?

Do you want the Country (and Obama) to succeed over the next decade?

If so, then pay attention to this graph.







Since 1980, the House of Representatives, which controls the nation's budget pursuant to Article 1, Section 8 of the US Constitution (subject to Presidential veto), has been controlled for 12 years by Republican Party and will be controlled for 18 years by the Democratic Party until 2010

Democratic Houses run budget deficits on average FIVE TIMES higher than Republican Houses  (4.7% versus .9% of GDP).

The message:  if you want real fiscal restraint, put the House in Republican hands.  The data for Republican presidents is another matter, but then the President only proposes a budget, Congress enacts it (as Murtha likes to point out)

My Advice to the HuffPosters


My advice to HuffPo People still exhibiting Republican Derangement Syndrome:  MoveOn.org


I understand your job, like Rush Limbaugh, is to sell self-righteous indignation to the morally superior, but please work on including some light with that heat.


Take pent up anger and focus it on learning some history and economics.  Read Shlaes, Postrel, Zingales, Scott, Kindleberger, Hayek, Friedman, Jensen, etc. etc. Read behavioralists like Ubel, Gladwell, etc. and start to understand why we just went from dumb to dumber throwing our lot in with the Pelosi-Reid Keynesian team.


Republicans may be too Jesusland for you, but I don't think Pelosi, Rangel, Frank, Dodd, Reid, Blagojevich, Franken, Waters, Murtha, Conyers, Byrd, Waxman, Boxer, etc. etc. are your people either.  


Obama may be fresh and he may new and he may have been your one exotic, cool, hip friend at prep school, but he hasn't done enough to stop Congress from taking a situation from bad to worse to pay off insular political cronies.  When Nancy Pelosi took over primary responsibility for US Fiscal policy on January 3, 2007 (Art1Sec8USConst), the S&P stood at 1400.  Today, it is half that, and the war on equities continues.  A question for you:  $2T of fraudulently-labeled sub-prime securities was pumped through what loyal Democratic fiefdom?  Fannie and Freddy, which were not under executive branch control, independent of FDIC, Fed, etc. until they were taken over last summer.  And try this presentation on for size:  http://tinyurl.com/aj7dte


Or, forget about learning anything too inconvenient, go back to your dorm room, smoke some dope, cash the trust checks, read Vanity Fair, and write stupid crap on Huff Po.  


Your choice.

Polonius Bound

With the new budget proposal before Congress and the free fall in equity values, we have seemingly embarked on a journey where a nation of equity -- in our homes, our stock accounts, our companies, our educational and non-profit institutions -- will see a dramatic shift in its debt-to-equity ratio.   Yes, debt has increased in the previous decade, but that has been accompanied by a faster increase in equity values.  http://tinyurl.com/c8ccmx

The mountain of debt that our government proposes to undertake -- and to force banks to lend -- at this time of plummeting equity values will result in an enormous pull on all other pockets from the economy -- particularly those sustained by equity, such as venture investment, educational institutions, and entrepreneurship generally.

In this rush to embrace debt, we would do well to head the admonitions of Shakespeare in Hamlet:

LORD POLONIUS: 
Neither a borrower nor a lender be; 
For loan oft loses both itself and friend, 
And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.

The wholesale over-leveraging of our economy and society is likely to have sorry ramifications for our ability to take risks, experiment with new ideas and be flexible in the face of future cycles of confidence.

Equities are fundamentally a statement of faith in the future.  Debt has its feet firmly planted in the past. 
 
If Virginia Postrel is to be believe that future has its enemies, then debt is certainly one of them.

This certainly argues for a look at Luigi Zingales (UofC) proposal to de-leverage the residential housing market.
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